What Is an Allergy?
An allergy is an exaggerated physiological response to substances called allergens, which cause no problems for most people but are perceived as foreign by our immune system when they enter the body through inhalation (the airways), touch or ingestion. While allergic diseases used to be quite rare, their rate has increased significantly over the last 30–40 years. Many factors have contributed to this, such as industrialization, the foods we eat and changes in dietary habits.
Our body normally defends itself against bacteria and viruses. Sometimes, however, it does the same against dust, pollen or mold.
Our immune system sends antibodies called immunoglobulin E (IgE) to fight these foreign substances. There is a specific IgE for each allergen. At this stage, inflammatory substances such as histamine, cytokines and leukotrienes are also released and take part in the process. As a result, severe and unwanted allergic symptoms sometimes appear.
What Is an Allergic Reaction?
An allergic reaction can cause symptoms in the skin, eyes, stomach, nose, sinuses, throat and lungs. All of these organ systems contain immune cells that try to defend the body against allergens upon exposure through inhalation, swallowing or skin contact. These allergic reactions can cause the following symptoms:
- Seasonal or allergic rhinitis (nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy nose, itching in the ears or throat)
- Allergic conjunctivitis (redness, itching and watering of the eyes)
- Atopic dermatitis and eczema (redness, itching and dryness of the skin)
- Urticaria (hives or itch marks)
- Contact dermatitis
- Asthma (airway problems: increased breathing rate, coughing and wheezing may occur)
The information on our website is not intended to direct individuals to any treatment. Do not take any diagnostic or treatment steps without consulting your doctor. The content does not contain information about İzmir Can Hastanesi's therapeutic healthcare services.
