The spine is normally made up of vertebrae stacked on top of one another. What keeps these bones stacked are hook-shaped projecting joints at the back of the vertebrae. Usually as a result of trauma, such as a fall, a traffic accident, sudden lifting of a load or jumping from a height, the thin bones that form these projecting joints break. In this case, the mechanism that holds the vertebrae on top of one another is disrupted. Over time, especially with forward bending, the fractured vertebra begins to slip forward or backward. Slippage of 25% or more requires surgery. During the operation, titanium screws are placed to bring the vertebrae back into alignment. There are cases that do not fully recover despite surgery.
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